学术讲座：Gut Microbiome in Health & Disease & Development of Antimicrobial Resistance

主讲人：Prof Ravi Gooneratne

讲座时间：2018年6月6日 9:30

讲座地点：食品学院D912

主讲人简介：

Professor Ravi Gooneratne is a veterinarian (BVSc) with a doctorate (PhD) in toxicopathology from Murdoch University, Australia, Postgraduate Diploma (PGDip. Tox.) in toxicology from University of Saskatchewan, Canada, a registered toxicologist in UK (British Toxicology Society), a Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists in UK (FRCPath), a Fellow of the American Academy of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology (FAAVCT) in USA, and a Member of the Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry. He is also the MSc Food Innovation programme coordinator and has over 200 publications in scientific journals and conference presentations. From 2016 to 2018 alone he has published over 40 manuscripts in international high profile journals, some with impact factor as high as 5.6.

Abstract：Vertebrate gut microbiome often underpins the metabolic capability and provides many beneficial effects on their hosts. The diverse microbial community that inhabits the gut complements the activity of enzymes in the liver and gut mucosa and includes functions essential for host digestion. As such, the gut microbiota is a key factor in shaping the biochemical profile of the diet and therefore, its impact on host health and disease. The important role that the gut microbiota play in metabolism and health has stimulated research into the identification of specific microorganisms involved in different processes. Principal Component Analysis (PCoA) tests have shown that gut bacterial communities of carnivorous and herbivorous formed distinctly different clusters in PCoA space. Our studies have shown that host trophic level influences the structure and composition of gut microbiota, metabolic capacity and gut content enzyme activity. Microbial resistance to antibiotics is now widespread in both humans and animals. In USA alone, it is estimated that over 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to AB and the spread of these have been not only from humans and animals directly but also from the food. Salmonella and Campylobacter, two of the many bacteria commonly transmitted through food, cause an estimated 410,000 AB-resistant infections in the USA alone each year. Of these, at least 23,000 people of them die as a direct result of these infections. Therefore, to prevent spread of AB-resistant pathogens requires new thinking including an understanding of ‘gut microbiome’ (1010 – 1012 bacterial cells per gram of gut contents, with more than 1000 species) which plays an important role in human and animal health by modulating the immune system, improving nutrient utilization, and excluding pathogens.